Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus which causes certain type of lymphoma and some epithelial neoplasm such as undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of EBV as a causative factor in other head and neck tumor especially, in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the prescence of EBV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and clinicopathologic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 65 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were retrieved from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks and analyzed for EBV by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The EBV was detected in 26(40%) of the 65 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 2(10%) of the 20 control ases. In 26 cases of EBV-positive patients, 13(46.4%) cases were supraglottic cancer and 13(35.1%) cases were glottic cancer. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EBV may possibly play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Temporal changes in neuronal activity of the bilateral medial vestibular nuclei following unilateral labyrinthectomy in rats

To investigate the changes in the responses of vestibular neurons with time during vestibular compensation, the resting activity and dynamic responses of type I and II neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei to sinusoidal angular acceleration were recorded following unilateral labyrinthectomy (ULX) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The unitary extracellular neuronal activity was recorded from the bilateral medial vestibular nuclei with stainless steel microelectrodes of 3~5 MOMEGA before ULX, and 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and I week after ULX under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Gain (spikes/s/deg/s) and phase (in degrees) were determined from the neuronal activity induced by sinusoidal head rotation with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 Hz. The mean resting activity before ULX was 16.7+/-8.6 spikes/s in type I neurons (n=67, M+-SD) and 14.5+/-8.4 spikes/s in type II neurons (n=43). The activities of ipsilateral type I and contralateral type 11 neurons to the lesion side decreased markedly till 24 hr post-op, and a significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral type I neurons sustained till 24 hr post-op. The gain at 4 different frequencies of sinusoidal rotation was depressed in all neurons till 6 or 24 hr post-op and then increased with time. The rate of decrease in gain was more prominent in ipsilateral type I and contralateral type 11 neurons immediately after ULX. Although the gain of those neurons increased gradually after 24 hours, it remained below normal levels. The phase was significantly advanced in all neurons following ULX. These results suggest that a depression of activities in ipsilateral type I and contralateral type II neurons is closely related with the occurrence of vestibular symptoms and restoration of activities in those neurons ameliorates the vestibular symptoms.

The Study of the Pathogenesis of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma with Immunohistochemical Staining of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Extracellular Matrix Proteins and T Lymphocyte Distribution / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The exact pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma is still unknown to some extent. Recently, however, advances of immunology have opened a new chapter in investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma through immunohistochemical techniques. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes thought to be responsible for both normal connective tissue matrix remodelling and the accelerated breakdown associated with tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in correlation with the expression of basement membrane antigen (laminin), fibronectin and T lymphocyte in middle ear cholesteatoma to compare them with those in external auditory canal skin as a control group. Material and Methods: The biopsy specimens of cholesteatomatous tissue and external auditory canal skin were obtained during undergoing the middle ear surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using monoclonal mouse antibodies against MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, laminin, fibronectin and pan T lymphocyte (UCHL1) were used. RESULTS: The results are as follows: In cholesteatomatous tissue, a number of T lymphocytes were expressed and a large number of MMPs were expressed in the basal cell layer and in the stroma of cholesteatoma. Both MMP-2 and MMP-3 showed positive signals in the basal and parabasal cell layer. A strong expression of MMP-9 was shown in granuloma area. Expression of MMP-3 had a significant correlation with a distribution of T lymphocyte (r=-0.522, p<0.05). Expression of MMP-2 had a significant correlation with a distribution of laminin (r=0.662, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that spatial distribution of matrix metalloproteinases in the extracellular matrix show a specific relation to extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin, fibronectin and T-lymphocyte in middle ear cholesteatoma especially inflammatory and immune state.

A Study on the Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-alpha, Epidermal GrowthFactor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Thyroid Tumors / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth factors and growth factor receptors. Inappropriate expressions of growth factors and altered responsiveness of growth factor receptors may influence the biological and clinical phenotype of tumor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expressions of TGF-alpha, EGF, EGFR and clinical behaviors in thyroid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of 19 papillary carcinomas, 8 follicular carcinomas, 6 anaplastic carcinomas, 8 follicular adenomas and 5 normal thyroid tissues. The authors performed immunohistochemical staining for TGF-alpha, EGF and EGFR. RESULTS: Positive staining for TGF-alpha was found in 84.2% of papillary carcinomas, 100% of follicular carcinomas, 83.3% of anaplastic carcinomas and 25% of follicular adenomas. EGF was positive in 57.8% of papillary carcinomas, 25% of follicular carcinomas, 0% of anaplastic carcinomas and 25% of follicular adenomas. EGFR was positive in 52.6% of papillary carcinomas, 85.7% of follicular carcinomas, 83.3% of anaplastic carcinomas and 75% of follicular adenomas. There was no statistical relationship between regional lymph node metastasis, primary tumor size, patient's age and positive expression rates for TGF-alpha, EGF and EGFR. CONCLUSION: TGF-alpha expression was statistically higher in the malignant thyroid tumors than in benign thyroid tumors. However, the expression of EGFR was shown to be higher in thyroid tumors than in the normal thyroid tissues, but there was no statistical difference between benign and malignant tumors. EGF expressions demonstrated no statistical significance in thyroid tumors.

Immunohistochemical Study between Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin and T Lymphocytes Distribution in Cholesteatoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Components of extracellular matrix protein play a crucial role in morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation. Protein is highly conserved during evolution and is expressed in a variety of tissues, and the amount of T and B lymphocytes are significantly higher in cholesteatomatous tissue than in the external auditory canal skin. We examined the spatiotemporal expression and distribution of extracelluar matrix protein tenascin and lymphocytes of cholesteatomatous tissue and normal external auditory canal skin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biopsy specimens of cholesteatomatous tissue and external auditory canal skin were obtained during middle ear surgery. Monoclonal mouse antibodies against tenascin, CD4 helper cell and CD8 cytotoxic/suppressor T cells were used. RESULTS: The results are as follows: 1) The expression of tenascin was significantly increased in cholesteatomatous tissue compared to that in normal external auditory canal skin. 2) As the expression of T lymphocytes increased, the expression of tenascin increased significantly (p<0.05, r=0.832). 3) As the expression of Langerhans' cells increased, the expression of tenascin increased significantly (p<0.05, r=0.788). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the change in the composition of the extracelluar matrix protein and lymphocyte in cholesteatomatous tissue may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatomatous otitis media.

Expression of the p53 Protein and Detection of HPV by ISH in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The p53 protein is a 53 kD phosphoprotein. It is also one of the early recognition markers of malignancy and can be used to predict the aggressive behaviors of tumor. The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a species-specific, epitheliotrophic, double-stranded DNA virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression rate of p53, and to investigate whether a correlation exists between the rate of recurrence and the severity of lesion. We also investigated whether p53 expression rate and HPV affect recurrence and carcinogenesis of inverted papilloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two cases of the inverted papilloma and 6 cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in the inverted papilloma were used for the study. We used immunohistochemical staining for p53 and performed the molecular study of HPV DNA with in situ hybridization (ISH) on the paraffin embedded materials. RESULTS: 1) The overall expression rate of p53 was 39% (11/28). A significant correlation was observed between p53 protein accumulation and the severity of the lesion (p=0.0015). 2) Seven of 11 patients who tested positive for p53 showed recurrence, whereas two of the 12 patients who tested negative for p53 showed recurrence. There was a correlation between the rates of p53 expression and recurrence (p=0.029). 3) The HPV was detected in four cases (13%) of inverted papilloma. There was no statistical significance between HPV and the rate of recurrence(p=0.147). CONCLUSION: The results demonstate that p53 mutations and HPV may play a role in the oncogenesis of inverted papilloma.

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Oropharynx by Polymerase Chain Reaction / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus which causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with such human cancers as Burkitt's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's disease, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of EBV as a causative factor in other head & neck tumors is not fully elucidated. This study analyzed the detection rate of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the throat washing samples from pateints with head and neck tumors and non-malignant diseases, as well as from normal subjects. MATERIALS & METHODS: The throat washing samples were collected from 49 patients of head & neck tumors, 52 patients of non-malignant diseases (pharyngitis and tonsillitis) and 24 normal subjects. The EBV DNA was detected by using the EBV (BNRF1)-specific primers & Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULT: The EBV DNA was detected in 25 (51%) of the 49 throat washing samples from patients with tumors, as well as 3 (60%) of 5 samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and 22 (50%) of 44 samples from patients with head and neck tumors. The throat wasing samples from 52 patients with non-malignant diseases and 24 samples from healthy subjects were also examined. EBV was detected in 17 (32.7%) of 52 patients with non-malignant diseases and 3 (12.5%) of 24 samples from healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the EBV may be related to non-malignant diseases and head and neck tumor.

A Case of Hemangiopericytoma in Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon vascular tumor described first by Stout and Murray in 1942. These tumors arise from Zimmerman's pericytes, which are found outside capillaries and postcapillary venules. Although hemangiopericytomas are well characterized, many controversies still exist regarding their malignant potential and management. The hemangiopericytomas usually present as rapidly growing, painless masses. They are usually detected because of their rapid growth, or become symptomatic secondary to compression of adjacent structures. Pain occurs with local invasion or bony metastasis. The hemangiopericytoma in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus often has local recurrence but appears to be a lower grade malignancy. And wide surgical excision is the treatment of the choice. We report a case of hemangiopericytoma occurred in the right nasal cavity and paranasal sinus treated by median maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy incision.

Expression of p53 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in the Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas / 대한이비인후과학회지

The prognostic significance of the squamous cell carcinomas of the oral and oropharynx have been evaluated to identify those features associated with aggressive biologic behavior according to the immunologic and histologic characteristics. For determining prognostic indicators, the authors performed immunohistochemical staining of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in 29 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral and oropharynx. The expression rate of p53 was 51.7%, that of EGFR was 96.6%, and overexpression rate of EGFR was 41.4%, however there were no statistical significance between the reactivity of EGFR, p53 and clinicopathological features such as primary stage, nodal stage, clinical stage, death and histologic grade.

A Case of Cystic Teratoma on the Floor of the Mouth in Neonate

Cystic teratoma on the floor of the mouth is infrequent disease and known as congenital origin. Teratoma has no sex distribution. Treatrnent of the cystic teratoma is completely surgical excision and recurrence is rare. The authors have experienced a case of cystic teratoma on the floor of the mouth in neonate. We reported this case with review of literatures.

Correlation between electrical activity of type I neuron and c-Fos expression in the medial vestibular nuclei following unilateral labyrinthectomy in rats

To search the correlations between electrical activity and c-Fos expression in the process of vestibular compensation, we examined the changes of those two parameters in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) of unilaterally labyrinthectomized (ULX) rats. Spontaneous nystagmus with fast component toward the intact side disappeared gradually within 48 hours. Fourty eight hours after ULX, directional preponderance of the eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation of the whole body which represents the symmetry of bilateral vestibular functions showed less than 20% by rotation of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 Hz, indicating the recovery of symmetry in bilateral vestibular functions. Six hours after ULX, spontaneous electrical activity of type I neurons resulted in asymmetry between bilateral MVN, however, the asymmetry of the electrical activity was decreased 48 hours after ULX. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that ULX produced dramatic induction of c-Fos positive cells in the MVN bilaterally. The number of c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the contralateral MVN was significantly higher than those in the ipsilateral MVN (p<0.0001) 2 hours after ULX. Thereafter, the number of c-Fos positive cells decreased bilaterally and was slightly, but not significantly higher in the ipsilateral MVN at 48 hours after ULX. The present results suggest that both electrical activity of type I neurons and c-Fos expression in MVN following ULX will reflect underlying mechanisms of recovery process of vestibular compensation.

A Case of Nasopharyngeal Mesenchymoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

The benign mesenchymoma, in which fibrous tissue is accompanied by two or more mesencymal components, occurs very rarely in the head and neck area. The majority appear in patients under 25 years of age, most commonly in the subcutaneous scalp, cheek, or tongue. There is a 20% recurrence rate. Wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice. We report a case of mesenchymoma in the nasopharynx which was removed by transpalatine approach with a brief review of literature.

The role of the neck on the control of body posture in bilateral labyrinthectomized rabbits / 대한이비인후과학회지

No abstract available.